Golkonda (or Golconda), a ruined city of south-central India and capital of the ancient Kingdom of Golkonda (c. 1364–1512), is situated west of Hyderabad. It was built by the most important builder of Golkonda, Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah Wali, the fourth Qutub king. Their first capital, the fortress citadel of Golkonda, was rebuilt for defense from invading Mughals from the north. They laid out Golkonda's splendid monuments and designed a perfect acoustical system by which a hand clap sounded at the fort's main gates, the grand portico, was heard at the top of the citadel, situated on a 300-foot high granite hill. This is one of the fascinating features of the fort. Golla Konda, which is a Telugu word for Shepherd's Hill. consists of four distinct forts with a 10 km long outer wall with 87 semi circular bastions, eight gateways, four drawbridges and a number of royal apartments and halls, temples, mosques, magazines, stables etc.
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